ADHD Explained: What You Need to Know About Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

By Dr. Amun Kalia, GP

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common condition that affects both children and adults. It can make everyday life feel overwhelming — from staying focused at work or school, to maintaining relationships. But with the right support, people with ADHD can thrive.

What Exactly Is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that shows up as persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It often starts in childhood but can continue into adulthood if not recognised and managed properly.

Common Signs of ADHD

Clinicians look for a certain number of symptoms depending on age — usually six or more signs in children, or five or more in adults.

Signs of Inattention

• Often makes careless mistakes at school or work

• Struggles to stay focused on tasks or play

• Seems not to listen, even when spoken to directly

• Starts tasks but doesn’t finish them

• Finds it hard to stay organised

• Avoids tasks that require a lot of mental effort

• Frequently loses things like keys, phones, or homework

• Gets easily distracted

• Forgets daily activities and routines

Signs of Hyperactivity & Impulsivity

• Fidgets or squirms when sitting

• Gets up from their seat when they shouldn’t

• Feels constantly “on the go”

• Talks too much or interrupts others

• Struggles with quiet activities

• Blurts out answers before the question is finished

• Can’t wait their turn

• Interrupts conversations or games

How Is ADHD Diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually starts with a visit to your GP. If ADHD is suspected, they’ll look at how symptoms affect your daily life — including your relationships, education, or work.

Depending on the severity, you might be offered:

• Self-help tools

• Behavioural strategies

• Parenting support programmes

If symptoms are more serious or not improving, a referral to a specialist (like a psychiatrist) is the next step.

ADHD Treatment Options

Once diagnosed, treatment is tailored to the individual and may include:

1. Medication

• Common options include dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine

• Regular check-ups are important to monitor side effects (like changes in blood pressure or heart rate)

2. Behavioural Therapy

• One-to-one or group-based

• Can include CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), social skills training, or parent coaching

3. Lifestyle Support

• A balanced diet and regular exercise

• Consistent routines throughout the day

• Clear communication and positive parent-child interaction

• Firm but fair boundaries

Supporting Families and Carers

ADHD doesn’t just affect the individual — it impacts the whole family. That’s why many treatment plans include:

• Advice on managing expectations and reducing stress

• Access to support groups and written resources

• Help understanding your child’s behaviour and building healthy routines

Helpful ADHD Resources

Looking for trustworthy advice and community support? These organisations are a great place to start:

• ADDISS – National ADHD support and information

• AADDUK – Adult ADHD community and resources

• Mind – Mental health support including ADHD resources

Need Help With ADHD?

Our experienced GPs at White Hart Clinic can help you or a loved one navigate ADHD — from first questions to long-term support.

Call us on 020 8876 9897 or you can book via the link below